完善创新农业开发机制 建设一流农业综合开发项目

山东省新泰市位于山东省中部,是山东省粮油、蔬菜、肉类、瓜果主要产区。全市山区、丘陵、平原各占三分之一,农业资源具有多样性,为农业提供了广阔的发展空间。该市始终把农业综合开发作为加强农业基础设施、提高农业综合生产能力及推进农业和农村经济工作的重要手段;围绕建设高标准农田,推动农业产业化经营,坚持高起点规划,高标准设计,高质量施工,高效益开发,更新开发理念,强化政策措施,创新农业综合开发工作机制,建设一流农业综合开发项目。为新泰市农业和农村经济的发展,加快全市社会主义新农村建设起到了积极作用。     

论中国农业的可持续发展战略

农业是稳民心、安天下的战略产业,是中国可持续发展的根本保证和优先领域。     

应用肛门鉴别法鉴定雌雄雏火鸡

通过对860只（10批孵化）一日龄雏火鸡进行生殖隆起组织形态观察、摄像绘图,结合解剖观察性器官——睾丸卵巢,发现公雏有6种生殖隆起类型、母雏有5种生殖隆起类型,了解到公母雏火鸡的各种生殖隆起类型所占比例.根据这些生殖隆起类型的特征进行肛门鉴别,雌雄鉴别准确率最高达百分之百.     

金线猴雌性生殖器官的观察

本文对３只金线猴（Ｒｈｉｎｏｐｉｔｈｅｃｕｓｒｏｘｅｌｌａｎａｅ）的雌性生殖器官进行了观察。卵巢通常呈椭圆形，两端稍尖，长１．０～１．８厘米，宽０．４～０．６厘米，厚０．２～０．４厘米。有一个体呈一端大、一端小，中间缩细类似亚铃的形状。输卵管两侧均有系膜固定、输卵管上系膜仅０．１～０．２厘米宽。子宫略呈长筒形，子宫底正中沟不明显，子宫颈管较长，子宫颈管与子宫体腔的主轴在同一直线上。子宫颈阴道部明显突出，前唇尤为明显，而阴道后穹比前穹深得多。阴道下半部前壁处皱襞密而高，形成三角形隆起，尖端朝向尿道外口。阴道前庭内前庭球明显，长约０．５厘米，宽约０．２厘米，位于尿道外口两侧的椭圆形窝内。     

Isolation of mycoplasmas from milk, lungs and prepuce of cattle

M. bovis was mainly isolated from 6.25% of milk samples collected from cows with clinical and sub-clinical mastitis. The main mycoplasma strain isolated from the respiratory tract of calves with symptoms of bronchopneumonia was M. bovirhinis (12.1% of samples). M. bovigenitalium was most frequently recovered from bull's prepuce (67.1% of samples).     

家禽雌性生殖道对属间异种精子运行和存活时间影响的研究

鸡和鹌鹑形态上有很大差异 ,且鹌鹑精液在体外的存活时时间很短 ,大约 (12± 4 )min。为了深入地研究鸡与鹌鹑的属间杂交 ,研究通过鸡 (♂ )×鹌鹑 (♀ )正交和鹌鹑 (♂ )×鸡 (♀ )反交人工授精试验 ,对输入精液后每隔 1,4 ,7,9h解剖母禽观察其生殖道结构、电导率及其内分泌的酸碱度。结果表明 :鸡和鹌鹑生殖道分泌物 pH值、电导、长度都有很大差异。通过显微观察 ,鸡 (♂ )×鹌鹑 (♀ )正交及鹌鹑 (♂ )×鸡 (♀ )反交后 ,其精子在体内的存活时间长于 1h ,鹌鹑精液大大长于在体外的存活时间 ,精子能在 1h后到达漏斗部。     

猪雌性生殖道黏膜显微和超微结构观察

应用组织学方法和电镜技术研究了雌性成年猪生殖道黏膜显微和超微结构的特征。试验选用成年长白×大约克夏二元杂交母猪20头,通过光镜和透射电镜分别观察了母猪的输卵管、子宫和阴道的黏膜结构特征。结果显示成年母猪的生殖道黏膜由上皮、固有膜和黏膜肌层等构成,输卵管、子宫角、子宫体和子宫颈黏膜的上皮为单层柱状上皮,上皮的游离面含有纤毛和微绒毛,固有膜和上皮间含有丰富的淋巴细胞。淋巴细胞在上皮内移行过程中由胞质伸出许多伪足,淋巴细胞的胞质中主要含有线粒体和高尔基体。母猪生殖道黏膜内的淋巴细胞在某些部位聚集形成淋巴细胞群,特别是子宫角和子宫颈黏膜中较多,淋巴细胞向子宫腔内移行呈现“腔排”现象。结果显示猪雌性生殖道黏膜中含有较多的淋巴细胞,生殖道黏膜可能是黏膜免疫的诱导位点。     

Identification of Functional α-Adrenoceptor Subtypes in the Bovine Female Genital Tract During Different Phases of the Oestrous Cycle

The concentration and functionality of the -adrenoceptor (-AR) subtypes in the genital tract of cyclic heifers were investigated. In each tissue sample, a single class of ₁-ARs was observed, whereas two distinct classes of ₂-ARs were discriminated: low-affinity (LA) and high-affinity (HA) ₂-ARs. Statistical analysis showed the presence of significantly (p < 0.05) higher concentrations of all -AR subtypes in the follicle than in the corpus luteum. No significant differences were found in the ovary or myometrium between the luteal and follicular phases. In the ovary, the density of ₁-ARs was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than that of ₂-ARs. By contrast, there were significantly (p < 0.05) more ₂-ARs than ₁-ARs in the myometrium. As far as ₂-ARs are concerned, LA ₂-ARs were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than HA ₂-ARs in all tested tissues. Competition studies suggested that the rank order of potency of antagonists for ₁-ARs was prazosin > phentolamine > yohimbine, whereas for ₂-ARs the order of potency was yohimbine phentolamine > prazosin. Functional assays performed on myometrium showed that noradrenaline, phenylephrine and clonidine elicited concentration-dependent contractions only in dioestrus and pro-oestrus preparations and that clonidine was more effective than phenylephrine as a contractile agent. It appeared that there were no significant modifications in -AR affinity or concentration during the different stages of bovine oestrous cycle, whereas the uterine spontaneous activity and the responsiveness to -adrenergic stimulation was strongly influenced by hormonal levels. The modifications of uterine contractility observed during the oestrous cycle may be related to modifications induced in the transductional mechanisms of -ARs.     

B型超声波引导进行妊娠奶牛早期胎儿性别诊断的研究

使用B超对75头妊娠44-108d的奶牛进行胎儿性别诊断,主要以形态学上脐带根部区域是否存在生殖结节为判定标准。除1头妊娠44日龄母牛因胎儿小和1头妊娠81日龄母牛子宫下垂没有取得诊断结果外,其余73头均取得了诊断和产犊结果。结果表明总的1次诊断准确率为87.7％（64／73）,诊断结果为雄性的准确率（97.0％）显著高于诊断结果为雌性的准确率（80.0％）（P≤0.05）。在首次性别诊断后10d,随机挑选10头进行2次诊断,其准确率为100％（10／10）。台式（6／8MHz线阵探头）和便携式（5MHz凸阵探头）B超进行诊断的准确率无差异（P〉0.05）,每头牛诊断平均需3min左右,但便携式B超使用更为简便。对诊断为雄性胎儿的6头奶牛进行了人工流产,均在流产10d后恢复到正常泌乳曲线,首次观察到发情的时间平均为流产后36.2d,平均配妊时间为流产后46.3d。研究表明奶牛胎儿性别诊断的最佳时间窗口为妊娠61-80d,其诊断准确率较高（2次检查准确率为100％）。人工流产后对奶牛的生产性能影响小。     

豪猪雌性生殖器官的解剖研究

为了解雌性豪猪的生殖生理,为其发情鉴定、催情技术、人工授精、胚胎移植、体外受精等人工繁殖技术方面的研究提供基础依据,对成年雌性豪猪的生殖器官进行了系统解剖研究。结果表明,雌性豪猪的性腺没有明显的季节性变化,但是在发情周期的不同时期卵巢有不同的变化,当母豪猪发情后,卵巢表面有成熟的卵泡,使整个卵巢体积增大,发情期过后,则卵巢相对缩小。其它生殖器官也都具有各自的解剖特征。